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Wild Blue Yonder 1: 50 Years of Gs & Jets
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Wild Blue Yonder - Episode 1 - 50 Years of Gs and Jets (Digital Ranch) (Spectrum Holobyte)(1-107-40-101)(1994).iso
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00136_Field_136.txt
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1994-08-29
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Angles of Attack
The X-31 first flew on October 11, 1990. Prior to this,
extensive testing was done with a mockup of the plane, a
27%-scale model which was dropped from a helicopter and remotely
piloted by NASA personnel. First with the model and then with
the actual plane, the test regime progressed into the uncharted
regions of high angle of attack flight, also referred to as
"high-alpha" flight.
A high-speed fighter entering into a high angle of attack
develops rotational forces that place tremendous load upon the
airframe. To withstand this pressure, the X-31 had to be built
extremely strong. At very high angles of attack and at very low
speeds, the aircraft's all-moving canards provide downward pitch
authority necessary to maneuver and recover. (In the X-31,
additional safety is provided by a built-in spin recovery
parachute.) While the X-31 is capable of supersonic speeds,
tests will be limited to flight at Mach 0.9 the speed at which
most dogfights take place.
The X-31 is not intended for mass production, but the lessons
learned from it will be applied to a whole new generation of
fighters, including the Lockheed F-22. The plane's revolutionary
characteristics are also being studied by foreign observers. The
X-31 program has gained more importance with rumors that MIG and
Sukhoi are conducting similar high-performance projects.
Although the Cold War is over, the competition continues.